Dampak Konsumsi Gula Berlebih terhadap Risiko Obesitas Anak: Systematic Literature Review

Maharani Kusuma Dewi; Mulya Agustina

doi:10.56861/nutris.v1i1.37

Authors

Maharani Kusuma Dewi Universitas Salakanagara
Mulya Agustina STIKES Banyuwangi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56861/nutris.v1i1.37

Keywords:

Excess sugar, childhood obesity, sugary drinks, ultra-processed foods, fructose, nutritional status, systematic review

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity in children has increased significantly globally and has become an urgent public health problem. One of the main factors contributing to this condition is the high consumption of sugar, especially from ultra-processed foods and sweetened drinks. This study aims to systematically review the available scientific evidence regarding the relationship between excessive sugar consumption and the risk of obesity in children and adolescents.

The method used is the Systematic Literature Review approach, with the search of articles through electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria include articles published in the last 10 years, discussing sugar consumption and childhood obesity, as well as using observational or experimental designs. Of the 750 articles identified, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed narratively.

The results of the review showed that high sugar consumption, especially fructose from sugary drinks, correlated with an increase in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the risk of visceral fat accumulation. Several studies also linked sugar consumption with a decrease in HDL-C levels, increased inflammation, and other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Environmental factors such as advertisements, parenting patterns, and family eating habits also affect children's consumption behavior.

In conclusion, excessive sugar consumption is consistently associated with an increased risk of obesity in children, and nutritional interventions and public policies are needed to address this problem effectively.

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