Keadilan Restoratif dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Temuan dari Systematic Literature Review

Sukma Juwita; Gatut Hendro Tri Widodo; Hendry Noya

doi:10.56861/lexgnosis.v1i1.30

Authors

Sukma Juwita Universitas Salakanagara
Gatut Hendro Tri Widodo Universitas Jayabaya Jakarta
Hendry Noya Universitas Salakanagara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56861/lexgnosis.v1i1.30

Keywords:

restorative justice, criminal justice system, social recovery, legal reform, victim participation.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the application of the restorative justice approach in the criminal justice system through the systematic literature review method. By examining ten selected studies from a total of 700 initial documents, the study identified five key themes: basic concepts and principles, implementation on the ground, legal reform, cultural challenges, and social effectiveness and impact. The findings suggest that restorative justice offers a more humane alternative approach to conventional retributive systems, emphasizing recovery of social harm, active participation of victims, and responsibility of perpetrators. Implementation in various countries, including Indonesia, shows the effectiveness of this approach in reducing recidivism, strengthening social reconciliation, and increasing victim satisfaction. However, the implementation of restorative justice still faces structural and cultural challenges, such as resistance from law enforcement officials, the lack of optimal legal framework, and low public awareness. The issuance of regulations such as PERMA No. 1 of 2024 and Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020 is a step forward, but there is still a need for regulatory harmonization, institutional strengthening, and sustainable public education. The study concludes that the success of restorative justice depends on the integration of restorative values into the legal system, the readiness of law enforcement institutions, and community support. Thus, restorative justice can be the basis for the reform of the criminal justice system that is more inclusive, dialogical, and responsive to the needs of the parties involved in legal conflicts.

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