Reformasi Hukum Pidana dalam Perspektif Kajian Literatur Sistematis (SLR)

Abstract

This study aims to examine the direction and trends of criminal law reform globally and its implications for the criminal law system in Indonesia, through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Drawing on 18 selected scholarly publications published between 2020 and 2025, the study identifies key themes in criminal law reform, including decriminalization, restorative justice, abolition of the death penalty, and harmonization of Islamic criminal law. The main findings show that there is a convergent pattern between countries such as Germany, the Netherlands, and Japan in leading to a more humane, efficient, and human rights-based criminal justice system. However, divergences are also found as a result of differences in legal traditions, state ideologies, and institutional readiness of each country. Indonesia has started reforms through the ratification of the new Criminal Code in 2023, but still faces major challenges in the form of weak governance of law enforcement institutions, inequality of interpretation between officials, low public participation, and lack of evidence-based policies. Therefore, the adoption of foreign models in criminal law reform needs to be done contextually, not just imitation. This study suggests the importance of building a criminal law system that is pluralistic, inclusive, and responsive to Indonesia's social realities.