Efektivitas Senam Hamil terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Nyeri Persalinan, Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various forms of prenatal exercise in reducing labor pain, shortening labor duration, and reducing back pain in pregnant women through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The search strategy was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords such as “pregnancy exercise,” “prenatal yoga,” “labor pain,” and “birth outcomes.” Of the 500 articles found, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results of the analysis showed that prenatal exercises, including pregnancy exercises, Maryam exercises, Tata Gym, yoga, aerobics, and the use of gym balls, were consistently effective in reducing labor pain through muscle relaxation, increased tissue elasticity, and reduced stress. Additionally, several studies (e.g., Sari & Suhertusi, 2024; Aslantaş & Çankaya, 2023) reported accelerated active phase and second stage of labor in mothers who participated in prenatal exercises. Exercises using gym balls and pregnancy yoga were also found to significantly reduce late-trimester back pain, which is commonly experienced by 60–80% of pregnant women. However, some studies report that birth ball exercises do not significantly affect comfort or satisfaction during childbirth. This synthesis of findings underscores the importance of integrating prenatal exercises into maternal care as an effective, affordable, and easily accessible non-pharmacological intervention. These findings provide a scientific basis for midwives, health workers, and policymakers to develop evidence-based pregnancy education programs and recommend routine prenatal exercise for low-risk pregnancies. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact and compare the effectiveness of various prenatal exercise methods.