Analisis Faktor Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Sosial Ekonomi yang Berhubungan dengan Prevalensi Kurang Energi Kronis pada Ibu Hamil di Seluruh Kecamatan Kota Tangerang Tahun 2025

Abstract

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women is a maternal nutritional problem influenced by various health service and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to analyze health service and socioeconomic factors associated with the prevalence of CED among pregnant women across all districts of Tangerang City in 2024. This study employed a quantitative analytical observational approach with an ecological cross-sectional design using secondary data. The units of analysis consisted of 13 districts in Tangerang City. Health service variables included the density of community health centers and integrated health service posts, while socioeconomic factors included the proportion of the population registered in the Integrated Social Welfare Data and the proportion of women with a maximum educational attainment of primary school. Data were analyzed descriptively, bivariately using Spearman correlation, and multivariably using multiple linear regression with robust standard errors. The results showed variations in CED prevalence across districts. The density of community health centers, the density of integrated health service posts, and the proportion of the population registered in the Integrated Social Welfare Data were not significantly associated with CED prevalence. In contrast, the proportion of women with a maximum educational attainment of primary school showed a positive and significant association in both bivariate and multivariable analyses. These findings highlight the importance of considering women’s educational characteristics in planning maternal nutrition interventions and strengthening area-based approaches to identify districts with greater vulnerability to CED.