Keamanan Siber dalam Dunia IoT: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur

Abstract

The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought significant transformations in various sectors, but at the same time increases the complexity and risks of cybersecurity. Limited device resources, high levels of interconnectivity, and integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), blockchain, and 5G networks make the IoT ecosystem vulnerable to various cyber threats, including privacy breaches, malware, and denial-of-service attacks. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the cybersecurity landscape in the IoT world through a systematic review of the literature. The method used refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by searching the Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases. Of the 470 articles identified, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in depth. The results of the study show that the main challenges of IoT security include the diversity of devices, weak authentication mechanisms, lack of security updates, and low user awareness. The solutions proposed in the literature include a holistic security approach, the application of security-by-design principles, the use of AI and ML for threat detection, and policy strengthening and cross-stakeholder collaboration. However, the effectiveness of existing solutions still faces technical and economic limitations. This research confirms the importance of a multidimensional and sustainable approach to building a secure, resilient, and trusted IoT ecosystem in the digital era.